What is BREAST CANCER – Breast Cancer Symptoms

Breast cancer occurs when cancer develops from breast tissue. Risk factors for developing breast cancer include obesity, lack of physical exercise, drinking alcohol, hormone replacement therapy during menopause, ionizing radiation, early age at first menstruation, and having children late or not at all.

Breast cancer arises in the lining cells (epithelium) of the ducts (85%) or lobules (15%) in the glandular tissue of the breast. Initially, the cancerous growth is confined to the duct or lobule (“in situ”) where it generally causes no symptoms and has minimal potential for spread (metastasis). (Source: WHO)

Over time, these in situ (stage 0) cancers may progress and invade the surrounding breast tissue (invasive breast cancer) and then spread to the nearby lymph nodes (regional metastasis) or other organs in the body (distant metastasis). If a woman dies from breast cancer, it is because of widespread metastasis. (Source: WHO)

Breast cancer treatment can be highly effective, especially when the disease is identified early. Treatment of breast cancer often consists of a combination of surgical removal, radiation therapy and medication (hormonal therapy, chemotherapy and/or targeted biological therapy) to treat microscopic cancer that has spread from the breast tumour through the blood. Such treatment, can prevent cancer growth and spread, thereby saving lives. (Source: WHO)

What are the Symptoms of Breast Cancer?

Signs and symptoms of breast cancer may include:

• A lump in the breast

• A change in breast shape

• Dimpling of the skin

• Fluid coming from nipples

• Red scaly patch of skin

What Causes the Breast Cancer?

• Age (Being 55 or older increases your risk)
• Family history and genetics
• Smoking
• Alcohol
• Obesity
• Radiation
• Hormone

Behavioural choices and related interventions that reduce the risk of breast cancer include:

• Prolonged breastfeeding;
• Regular physical activity;
• Weight control;
• Avoidance of harmful use of alcohol;
• Avoidance of exposure to tobacco smoke;
• Avoidance of prolonged use of hormones; and
• Avoidance of excessive radiation exposure.

How is Breast Cancer Diagnosed?

Early detection tests for breast cancer save thousands of lives each year. The goal of screening exams for early breast cancer detection is to find cancers before they start to cause symptoms.

Tests and procedures used to diagnose breast cancer may include:

• Breast exam

• Mammography

• Breast ultrasound

• Biopsy

• Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Although breast cancer cases are seen all over the world, when the death rates are examined, the Balkan and Central African countries take the lead.

What are the Treatment Options for Breast Cancer?

There are many options for breast cancer treatment. Your doctor will take many different factors into account when deciding which treatment is best for you.

The decision will be based on your type of breast cancer, its stage and grade, whether the cancer cells are sensitive to hormones and your overall health.

The treatments used for breast cancer may include:

• Surgery

• Radiotherapy

• Chemotherapy

• Hormone therapy

• Biological treatments

*You may have a combination of these treatments, depending on your situation.

When cancer-related deaths are examined worldwide, it is seen that breast cancer is the most deadly cancer type after lung cancer.

Why Choose Turkey for Breast Cancer Treatment?

• Up to 95% of success rate at the early stage of breast cancer.

• Low prices: In Turkey, we provide affordable and high-quality healthcare for breast cancer.

• International accreditation: Our partner hospitals for breast cancer treatment in Turkey are certified by independent international organizations such as JCI (Joint Commission International) or ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and they are all university hospitals.

• Latest technology: Latest technologies are applied in our contracted hospitals to achieve great results.

• Fast treatment arrangement: Since oncology treatment requires urgency, we suggest you start your treatment as soon as possible.

• Our partner hospitals cooperation with top American cancer centres.

• Outpatient treatment: Most chemotherapy treatments are given in an outpatient clinic. During chemotherapy treatment, you will be in the hospital and the process may take at most 6-8 hours. Usually, there is a specific timeline between chemotherapy sessions, your treatment could be in every 15 or 21 days. During these sessions, you are always welcome in our hotel or you can choose to return to your country.

• Geographic location: Nearly one billion people from different countries can reach Turkey in around four hours. The national carrier, Turkish Airlines, has direct flights from 57 countries. Turkey has 4 direct flights from Moldova and more than 1 direct flight from Romania every day and they take just around one hour.

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